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बिहार का इतिहास - History of Bihar

HistoryofTheWorld
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बिहार का इतिहास - History of Bihar의 설명

(English)

The history of Bihar is one of the most varied in India. Bihar consists of three distinct regions, each has its own distinct history and culture. They are Magadh, Mithila and Bhojpur.[1] Chirand, on the northern bank of the Ganga River, in Saran district, has an archaeological record from the Neolithic age (about 2500–1345 BC).[2][3] Regions of Bihar—such as Magadha, Mithila and Anga—are mentioned in religious texts and epics of ancient India. Mithila is believed to be the centre of Indian power in the Later Vedic period (c. 1100-500 BCE). Mithila first gained prominence after being settled by Indo-Aryan peoples who established the Videha kingdom.[4] The Kings of the Videha Kingdom where called Janakas. A daughter of one of the Janaks of Mithila, Sita, is mentioned as consort of Lord Rama in the Hindu epic Ramayana, written by Valmiki.[5] The Videha Kingdom later became incorporated into the Vajji confederacy which had its capital in the city of Vaishali, which is also in Mithila.[6]

Magadha, another region of Bihar was the centre of Indian power, learning and culture for about a thousand years. One of India's greatest empires, the Maurya empire, as well as two major pacifist religions, Buddhism and Jainism, arose from the region that is now Bihar.[7] Magadha empires, most notably the Maurya and Gupta empires, unified large parts of the Indian subcontinent under their rule.[8] Their capital Pataliputra, adjacent to modern-day Patna, was an important political, military and economic centre of Indian civilisation during the ancient and classical periods of Indian history. Many ancient Indian texts, aside from religious epics, were written in ancient Bihar. The play Abhijñānaśākuntala was the most prominent.

The present-day region of Bihar overlaps with several pre-Mauryan kingdoms and republics, including Magadha, Anga and the Vajji confederation of Mithila. The latter was one of the world's earliest known republics and had existed in the region since before the birth of Mahavira (c. 599 BCE).[9][10] The classical Gupta dynasty of Bihar presided over a period of cultural flourishing and learning, known today as the Golden Age of India.

(हिन्दी)

बिहार भारत के पूर्व भाग में स्थित एक विशेष राज्य है, जो की ऐतिहसिक दृष्टिकोण से भारत का सबसे बड़ा केंद्र है, या फिर ऐसा कहना गलत नहीं होगा , की बिहार के बिना भारत अधुरा है। चिरांद, छपरा से ११ किलोमीटर स्थित, सारण जिला का सबसे महत्वपूर्ण पुरातत्व स्थल (2000 ईस्वी पूर्व) है।[1][2] बौध धर्म के लोगो द्वारा यहाँ विहार करने के कारण इस राज्य का नाम बिहार पड़ा.इसी पावन भूमि पर महाबोधि मंदिर स्तिथ है। बिहार की पावन भूमि पर अनेकानेक संतो का जन्म हुआ, इसी पावन भूमि पर दुनिया के बहुत से हिस्सों में लोग पढना लिखना भी नहीं जानते थे, उस समय शिक्षा का सबसे बड़ा केंद्र नालंदा विश्वविध्यालय बिहार की राजधानी पाटलिपुत्र वर्तमान में पटना में स्थित था। बिहार के ही पावन भूमि पर अशोक, अजातशत्रु, बिम्बिसार और अन्य बहुत राजाओं का जन्म हुआ। आज़ाद भारत के प्रथम राष्टपति डॉक्टर राजेंद्र प्रशाद का जन्म भी बिहार में ही हुआ है, सिखो के दशवे गुरु गोविद सिंह का जन्म भी बिहार के राजधानी पटना में हुआ, आज भी भारत के सबसे ज्यादा आईएस बिहार से ही निकलते हैं, लेकिन लागातार विदेशीयों के आक्रमण और घटिया राजनीती के कारण बिहार भारत के सबसे गरीब और पिछड़े राज्यों में से एक हो गया है। विश्व में शिक्षा के केंद्र का गौरव प्राप्त करने वाले इस राज्य में साक्षरता दर अन्य राज्यों से कम हो गई है, और रोजगार न मिलने के कारण पलायन एक बहुत बड़ी समस्या बन चुका है।

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